中国海关实施AEO制度情况简介
Introduction to the Implementation of AEO System by Chinese Customs时间(TIME)：2021-08-02 15:14:10
海关总署 2013年9月12日
2005年6月，在世界海关组织第105/106届理事会年会上，通过了《全球贸易安全与便利标准框架》（以下简称《标准框架》）。中国海关积极响应世界海关组织的倡议，在会上签署了实施《标准框架》的意向书。在随后的3年多时间里，中国海关积极进行AEO（“经认证的经营者”）制度的研究和实践，初步建立起中国海关的AEO制度。
一、转化AEO制度为国内立法并实施。
1.将AEO制度转化为国内立法。2008年4月1日施行的《中华人民共和国海关企业分类管理办法》（以下简称《分类办法》）和相关配套公告（《企业经营状况报告》），将AEO制度关于守法、安全和海关与商界的合作伙伴关系等实体要求及贸易便利措施、认证程序纳入其中，具体转化了AEO制度为国内制度。《分类办法》将进出口收发货人和报关企业分成AA、A、B、C、D五个类别，其中AA类企业的标准和条件与WCO的AEO相关要求一致，是中国海关的AEO企业。《企业分类管理办法》及配套法规的施行，标志着中国海关AEO制度已进入正式实施阶段。截止2009年5月份，全国共审批AA类企业1150家。
2．组织了海关内部和对企业的宣传、培训，广泛介绍AEO制度和《分类办法》，提高AEO制度的认知度。在海关内部，总署先后举办了AEO专题培训班、《分类办法》培训班和验证稽查培训班，在海关内部对对全国海关稽查系统的业务骨干进行了培训，效果明显。在海关外部，采取由各关召开企业座谈会，利用报纸、电视、电台、网络等载体广泛宣传和介绍《分类办法》和AEO制度，使AEO制度深入人心。
3．开展对AEO企业的验证稽查实践。从2007年11月起，中国海关就开始了验证稽查的试点工作，在《分类办法》实施之后，更是在全国范围内开展了对申请AA类企业的验证稽查工作，按照WCO《标准框架》的有关AEO制度原则具体验证申请企业的贸易安全情况。为了规范AA类企业的验证稽查做法，2008年4月30日制定出台了《海关验证稽查暂行办法》，明确了对AA类企业的验证稽查的原则、程序、方法和内容等；2008年12月制定出台了《海关验证稽查作业标准》，进一步细化具体作业内容和标准等，目前该标准正在各海关验证稽查实践中参照使用。验证稽查工作的全方面推广，是具体实施AEO制度的最主要的表现。
4．积极参加国际海关有关《标准框架》的学习研讨，交流经验，切磋做法。派员参加了APEC于2008年3月在广州、6月份在泰国举行的AEO业务研讨班和会议，同时与日本、韩国、新加坡等国进行了互相了解学习对方AEO制度的双边交流活动。
5．组织开发企业信息综合管理的计算机系统，以全面整合、汇总企业各方面信息，提高对企业认证的准确性和一致性，并将把分类结果转化为通关参数，在通关系统中加以应用。该系统将于2009年下半年在全国海关投入使用。
二、开展AEO国际合作项目。
1、开展中欧安全智能贸易航线计划项下的企业选取和中欧AEO互认合作研讨。
“中欧安全智能贸易航线计划”(以下简称“安智贸”)是全球范围内第一个全面实施世界海关组织（WCO）《标准框架》的国际合作项目，旨在通过建立安全便利的智能化国际贸易运输链，实现对物流的全程监控，在确保贸易链安全的基础上实现贸易便利。
（1）选取试点参与企业。在企业自愿参与的前提下，参照WCO关于AEO的标准，双方共同选定了10对企业参与试点，其中8对企业实际参与了安智贸运作。
（2）开展中欧AEO互认合作研讨。根据2007年11月安智贸指导小组的决定，2008年在“安智贸”项下召开了三次AEO专家组会议。
（3）根据中欧AEO验证稽查互访计划，我方已于2009年3月23日至4月7日完成赴欧考察，欧方赴中方考察工作目前正在进行中。
2、实施了中美C-TPAT联合认证试点项目。
2008年3月3日中国海关与美国海关签署了《中美联合验证试点声明》(以下简称《声明》)。根据该《声明》，中美两国海关在2008年进行了两次联合验证试点。双方共对18家试点企业进行了实地验证，其中14家企业通过了验证。双方将在总结两次试点经验的基础上，对验证标准和验证方式进行探讨，以便开展正式的合作。
In June 2005, at the 105th / 106th annual meeting of the Council of the world customs organization, the standard framework for Global trade security and facilitation (hereinafter referred to as the standard framework) was adopted. China Customs responded positively to the initiative of the World Customs Organization and signed a letter of intent to implement the standard framework at the meeting. In the following three years, China customs actively studied and practiced the AEO ("certified operator") system, and initially established the AEO system of China Customs.
一、Transform AEO system into domestic legislation and implement it.
1. Translate the AEO system into domestic legislation. The measures of the customs of the people's Republic of China for the classified management of enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the "classification measures") and the relevant supporting announcement (enterprise business status report) implemented on April 1, 2008 incorporate the substantive requirements of the AEO system on law-abiding, security and the partnership between the customs and the business community, as well as trade facilitation measures and certification procedures, Specifically transformed the AEO system into a domestic system《 The classification measures divides import and export consignees and customs declaration enterprises into five categories: AA, a, B, C and D. among them, the standards and conditions of AA enterprises are consistent with the relevant requirements of WCO's AEO and are the AEO enterprises of China Customs《 The implementation of the enterprise classification management measures and supporting laws and regulations indicates that China's customs AEO system has entered the formal implementation stage. As of May 2009, 1150 AA enterprises have been approved nationwide.
2. Organized publicity and training within the customs and for enterprises, widely introduced the AEO system and the classification method, and improved the awareness of the AEO system. Within the customs, the General Administration has successively held AEO special training courses, classification measures training courses and verification inspection training courses, and trained the business backbone of the national customs inspection system within the customs, with obvious results. Outside the customs, various customs offices hold enterprise symposiums to widely publicize and introduce the classification measures and AEO system by using newspapers, television, radio, Internet and other carriers, so as to make the AEO system deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
3. Carry out verification and inspection practice for AEO enterprises. Since November 2007, China Customs has started the pilot work of verification and inspection. After the implementation of the classification measures, it has carried out verification and inspection of AA enterprises nationwide to verify the trade security of the applicant enterprises in accordance with the relevant AEO system principles of the WCO standard framework. In order to standardize the verification and inspection practices of AA enterprises, the Interim Measures for customs verification and inspection were formulated and issued on April 30, 2008, which defined the principles, procedures, methods and contents of verification and inspection of AA enterprises; In December 2008, the operation standard for customs verification and inspection was formulated and issued to further refine the specific operation contents and standards. At present, the standard is being used for reference in the practice of Customs verification and inspection. The promotion of verification audit in all aspects is the most important manifestation of the specific implementation of AEO system.
4. Actively participate in the study and discussion of international customs on the standard framework, exchange experience and exchange practices. Sent personnel to attend the AEO business seminars and conferences held by APEC in Guangzhou in March 2008 and Thailand in June 2008. At the same time, they carried out bilateral exchange activities with Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other countries to learn from each other's AEO system.
5. Organize the development of a computer system for comprehensive enterprise information management to comprehensively integrate and summarize all aspects of enterprise information, improve the accuracy and consistency of enterprise certification, and convert the classification results into customs clearance parameters for application in the customs clearance system. The system will be put into use in the national customs in the second half of 2009.
二、 Carry out AEO international cooperation projects.
1. Carry out discussion on enterprise selection and China EU AEO mutual recognition cooperation under the China EU safe and intelligent trade route plan.
The China EU safe and intelligent trade route plan (hereinafter referred to as "safe and intelligent trade") is the first international cooperation project in the world to fully implement the World Customs Organization (WCO) standard framework. It aims to realize the whole process monitoring of logistics and trade facilitation on the basis of ensuring the safety of the trade chain by establishing a safe and convenient intelligent international trade transportation chain.
(1) Select pilot participating enterprises. On the premise of voluntary participation of enterprises and referring to WCO's standards on AEO, the two sides jointly selected 10 pairs of enterprises to participate in the pilot, of which 8 pairs of enterprises actually participated in the operation of Anzhi trade.
(2) Carry out a seminar on China EU AEO mutual recognition and cooperation. According to the decision of the Anzhi trade steering group in November 2007, three AEO expert group meetings were held under "Anzhi trade" in 2008.
(3) According to the China EU AEO verification inspection and mutual visit plan, we have completed our investigation in Europe from March 23 to April 7, 2009, and the European investigation in China is currently in progress.
2. The Sino US C-TPAT joint certification pilot project was implemented.
On March 3, 2008, China Customs and the US Customs signed the Sino US joint verification pilot statement (hereinafter referred to as the statement). According to the statement, the customs of China and the United States conducted two pilot joint verification in 2008. The two sides conducted field verification on 18 pilot enterprises, of which 14 passed the verification. On the basis of summarizing the experience of the two pilot projects, the two sides will discuss the verification standards and verification methods in order to carry out formal cooperation.
