新西兰海关简介
时间(TIME)：2021-07-13 15:37:27
发布时间：2016-09-27 22:18 文章来源：海关总署
历史
新西兰海关是新西兰最古老的政府部门，成立于1840年1月5日，第一任海关行政长官同时被任命。
多年来，新西兰海关征收的关税和其它税款是政府财政收入的一个主要来源。
海关负责对出入境人员及货物进行监管，并对酒和烟草等某些特殊商品的生产和流通进行管理。
自成立起，新西兰海关的主要职责基本没有发生变化，但其工作重心一直在改变。从最初的以税收征管为重心，到20世纪80-90年代的以国际贸易便利化为重心。而今，海关最重要的工作职责是保护新西兰的边境安全。9·11事件之后，新西兰海关的监管重点从以往的进口（转口）货物和人员扩展到包括出口货物。
此外，新西兰海关负责对企图入境的禁限物品进行查缉，包括淫秽物品、毒品、枪支和有害物质等（如危险废物和破坏臭氧层物质）。
职责范围
海关负责防范由国际贸易和人员往来带来的潜在风险，同时促进人员和货物的合法跨境流动。新西兰海关在毛利语中被称为“Te Mana Arai o Aotearoa”, 意思是保护新西兰安全的当局。新西兰海关主要履行以下职责：
·查缉违禁品（例如毒品）；
·对旅客及其行李、货物和邮件进行查验；
·对进口货物估价并征收关税、消费税和商品服务税；
·打击非法贸易以保护新西兰企业；
·对进出口货物执行禁限物品管制措施；
·收集精确的进出口数据。
作为新西兰国门的守护者，新西兰海关利用情报和风险评估等手段对集装箱、船舶（飞行器）和旅客进行有针对性的检查，同时也开展调查、审计等工作，惩处违法犯罪行为。新西兰海关与其他边境管理部门保持紧密的合作关系，如农林业检疫部门和移民局等。
人员及机构
新西兰海关在新西兰的主要国际机场及港口共有约1300名工作人员。在哈密尔顿、昆士顿和蒂马鲁等地设有15个海关对外办公场所。在比利时布鲁塞尔、中国北京、泰国曼谷、美国华盛顿和澳大利亚堪培拉等地设有海关派驻机构。
领导成员
海关部长：
莫里斯·威廉姆森先生，1987年起当选帕加朗卡选区议员。
海关署长：
马丁·邓恩先生 , 2004年9月获任命。
新西兰海关（英语）http://www.customs.govt.nz
History
New Zealand customs is the oldest government department in New Zealand. It was founded on January 5, 1840. The first chief executive of Customs was appointed at the same time.
For many years, New Zealand customs duties and other taxes have been a major source of government revenue.
The customs is responsible for supervising the entry-exit personnel and goods, and managing the production and circulation of some special commodities such as wine and tobacco.
Since its establishment, the main responsibilities of New Zealand customs have not changed, but its focus of work has been changing. From the initial focus on tax collection and management to the focus on international trade facilitation in the 1980s-1990s. Today, the most important duty of the customs is to protect New Zealand's border security. After the September 11 incident, the New Zealand customs supervision focus has expanded from the previous import (re export) goods and personnel to include export goods.
In addition, New Zealand customs is responsible for the detection of prohibited and restricted articles that attempt to enter the country, including obscene articles, drugs, guns and harmful substances (such as hazardous waste and ozone depleting substances).
Terms of reference
Customs is responsible for preventing the potential risks caused by international trade and personnel exchanges, and promoting the legal cross-border flow of people and goods. New Zealand customs is called "Te mana Arai o Aotearoa" in Maori, which means the authority to protect the security of New Zealand. New Zealand customs mainly performs the following duties:
·Seizure of contraband (e.g. drugs);
·Check passengers and their luggage, goods and mail;
·Evaluate and collect tariff, consumption tax and goods and services tax on imported goods;
·Combating illegal trade to protect New Zealand enterprises;
·Implement control measures on prohibited and restricted articles for import and export goods;
·Collect accurate import and export data.
As the guardian of New Zealand, New Zealand customs carries out targeted inspection on containers, ships (aircraft) and passengers by means of intelligence and risk assessment, and also carries out investigation, audit and other work to punish crimes. New Zealand customs maintains close cooperation with other border administrations, such as agriculture and forestry quarantine and immigration.
Personnel and institutions
New Zealand customs has about 1300 staff at New Zealand's major international airports and ports. There are 15 customs offices in Hamilton, Queenston and timalu. There are customs offices in Brussels, Belgium, Beijing, China, Bangkok, Thailand, Washington, USA and Canberra, Australia.
Leading members
Minister of Customs:
Mr. Morris Williamson has been elected to the constituency of pagalanca since 1987.
Director of Customs:
Mr. Martin Dunn was appointed in September 2004.
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