日本海关简介
时间(TIME)：2021-07-09 15:18:22
发布时间：2016-09-27 17:41 文章来源：海关总署
日本海关总部为“日本海关及关税局”，隶属于财政部。海关法（CUSTOMS LAW）、海关关税法（CUSTOMS TARIFF LAW）及临时关税法（TEMPORARY TARIFF LAW）是日本海关关税政策与行政管理的基本法律条文。
日本海关及关税局设1名局长，两名副局长。下设六个处（协调处、人教处、关政政策与法律处、执法处、海关通关处以及事后稽查、调查与情报处）、四个办公室（信息管理办公室、地方海关监察办公室、海关管理研究办公室、经济伙伴关系办公室）和两名顾问（国际组织顾问、国际事务与研究顾问）。各处处长、各办公室主任和两名顾问分管与海关行政管理和关税政策有关的所有事务。截至2008财年，海关及关税局共有176名人员（此处系指总部人员）。
海关及关税局有三大职能：
1. 征收进口关税、消费税和进口货物应纳的其他国内税（每年征税约5万亿日元，占日本年度税收的10%）；
2. 对货物流动进行监管，防止有害物品走私进入日本（如麻醉品、火器和其他违禁品）；
3. 促进贸易便利，协调国际贸易手续，促进世界经济增长和人民生活水平的提高。
海关及关税局的主要职责为：
1. 对关税、吨位税、特别吨位税以及其它海关管理事项进行调研、规划（包括与外国谈签关税协定）；
2. 决定并征收关税、吨位税、特别吨位税和国际货物消费税；
3. 依照海关法及其它有关法律条文对进出口货物、船只、飞行器及旅客进行监管控制；
4. 保税区监管；
5. 向报关行和报关员发放报关许可,并对其进行监督管理；
6. 对日本自动化货物报关系统中心进行管理；
7. 编制海关统计数据；
8. 对海关关员进行教育培训；
9. 为“海关、关税、外汇与其它交易理事会”提供支持。日本通过关区海关管理各地区海关务，关区海关受海关关税局直接监管控制。
日本全国划分为东京、横滨、神户、大阪、名古屋、门司、长崎、函馆、冲绳九个关区（AREA），总人数8620人（截至2008财年）。各关区总部为总关（CUSTOMS HOUSE），下辖若干分关（BRANCH OFFICE）及防卫站（GUARD POST）。总部长官将大部分职权授予分关主管处理地区事务。除冲绳关区外，各总关下设四个处，即协调处、执法处、通关处、事后稽查、调查与情报处。截至2008年7月，全国有68个分关，117个支关（SUB-BRANCH）以及9个防卫站。
日本海关（英语）
http://www.customs.go.jp/english/index.htm
日本海关（日语）
http://www.customs.go.jp/index.htm
The headquarters of Japan Customs is "Japan Customs and tariff bureau", which is subordinate to the Ministry of finance. Customs Law, customs tariff law and temporary tariff law are the basic legal provisions of Japanese customs tariff policy and administration.
The customs and customs bureau of Japan has one director and two deputy directors. It has six divisions (Coordination Division, people's education division, customs policy and law division, law enforcement division, customs clearance division and post inspection, investigation and Intelligence Division), four offices (Information Management Office, local customs supervision office, customs management research office and economic partnership Office) and two consultants (International Organization Consultant, international affairs and research consultant). The heads of departments, directors of offices and two consultants are responsible for all matters related to customs administration and customs policy. As of fiscal year 2008, there were 176 officers in the customs and Excise Department (here referred to as headquarters officers).
The customs and Excise Bureau has three functions:
1. Collect import tariff, consumption tax and other domestic taxes on imported goods (about 5 trillion yen per year, accounting for 10% of Japan's annual tax revenue);
2. Supervise the flow of goods to prevent the smuggling of harmful substances (such as narcotics, firearms and other contraband) into Japan;
3. Promote trade facilitation, coordinate international trade procedures, and promote world economic growth and the improvement of people's living standards.
The main responsibilities of the customs and Excise bureau are as follows:
1. Investigation and planning of customs duties, tonnage taxes, special tonnage taxes and other customs administration matters (including negotiation and signing of tariff agreements with foreign countries);
2. To decide and levy customs duties, tonnage taxes, special tonnage taxes and international excise taxes on goods;
3. Supervise and control the import and export of goods, vessels, aircraft and passengers in accordance with the Customs Law and other relevant laws and regulations;
4. Supervision of bonded area;
5. Issue customs clearance license to customs broker and customs broker, and supervise and manage them;
6. Manage the automated cargo declaration system center of Japan;
7. Compilation of customs statistics;
8. Education and training for customs officers;
9. Support the customs, customs, foreign exchange and other transactions Council. Japan manages the customs affairs of various regions through the customs of the customs area, which is under the direct supervision and control of the Customs Bureau.
Japan is divided into nine areas (Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, MENSI, Nagasaki, Hakodate and Okinawa) with a total number of 8620 people (up to fiscal year 2008). The headquarters of each customs district is the general customs house, under which there are several branch offices and guard posts. The head of the headquarters delegated most of the functions and powers to the sub customs officers to handle regional affairs. In addition to the Okinawa customs area, each general customs area has four divisions, namely, Coordination Division, law enforcement division, customs clearance division, post inspection division, investigation and Intelligence Division. As of July 2008, there were 68 sub customs, 117 sub-branch and 9 defense stations in China.
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