俄罗斯海关简介
时间(TIME)：2021-07-04 15:24:28
俄联邦海关署成立于2004年3月，直属于俄联邦政府领导。署长和副署长由俄联邦政府直接任免，各地区海关局局长、直属海关关长及其他海关官员的任免按联邦海关署署长确定程序办理。
俄罗斯海关实行垂直管理体制，统一管理全国海关，在组织机构上可分为四个层次：海关署、直属地区海关局（直属海关）、隶属海关、海关监管点。署机关内设21个局（即组织监督总局、信息技术总局、海关监管总局、反走私总局、商品目录和贸易管制总局、后勤保障总局、联邦海关收入局、财经总局、监督审计局、外汇监管局、条法局、行政事务局、干部局、社会联系局、海关安全局、稽查局、海关合作局、海关统计分析局、调查局、强力保障局、法制局）；7个直属地区海关局（分设在俄联邦七大行政区中，即中央海关局、西北海关局、远东海关局、南方海关局、西伯利亚海关局、乌拉尔海关局、伏尔加河沿岸海关局），直属海关5个（弗努科沃机场海关、达玛捷多瓦机场海关、谢列梅捷沃机场海关、中央消费税海关、中央能源海关），直属专业化地区海关局4个；隶属海关127个；海关监管点709个、监管口岸446个。此外，俄海关共有8个驻外代表处（驻白俄罗斯、乌克兰、哈萨克、吉尔吉斯、芬兰、德国、比利时和中国），海关学院1个、分院3个（拟增至6个）。世界海关组织欧亚经济共同体成员国教育培训中心设在俄海关学院，独联体地区信息情报联络中心设在莫斯科。
俄罗斯海关现有关员64000余人。其中，署机关人员为1882人，1/3关员带有关衔，2/3关员不带关衔，按国家公务员管理。俄罗斯联邦海关署现有署长1人、副署长5人（6位副署长的编制）。现任署长为别利亚尼诺夫。
俄罗斯海关的基本职能是：监管、征税、绢私、统计和其它海关业务。
每年10月25日是俄罗斯海关日。
The Customs Department of the Russian Federation was established in March 2004 under the leadership of the Russian federal government. The director and deputy director shall be directly appointed and removed by the Russian federal government. The appointment and removal of the directors of the regional customs administrations, the directors of the customs offices directly under them and other customs officials shall be handled according to the procedures determined by the director of the Federal Customs administration.
The Russian customs implements a vertical management system to manage the national customs in a unified way. In terms of organization, it can be divided into four levels: the Customs Department, the regional customs bureaus directly under the Russian customs, the subordinate customs and the customs supervision points. The Department has 21 bureaus (i.e. General Administration of organization and supervision, General Administration of information technology, General Administration of customs supervision, General Administration of anti smuggling, General Administration of commodity catalogue and trade control, General Administration of logistics support, Federal Customs Revenue Bureau, General Administration of Finance and economics, supervision and audit bureau, Bureau of foreign exchange supervision, bureau of laws and regulations, bureau of administrative affairs, bureau of cadres, bureau of social relations, customs security bureau, Inspection Bureau, Customs Cooperation Bureau Customs Bureau of statistics and analysis, bureau of investigation, bureau of strong security, bureau of legal system); Seven regional customs bureaus are directly under the jurisdiction of the seven administrative regions of the Russian Federation, namely, the central customs bureau, the northwest customs bureau, the Far East customs bureau, the southern customs bureau, the Siberian customs bureau, the Ural customs bureau, and the Customs Bureau along the Volga River, and five customs bureaus are directly under the jurisdiction of the Customs (customs of the fenukovo airport, customs of the damatedova airport, customs of the Sheremetyevo airport, customs of the central consumption tax, customs of the Volga River, customs of the Volga River) There are 4 specialized regional customs bureaus directly under the central energy customs; It is subordinate to 127 customs offices; There are 709 customs supervision points and 446 ports. In addition, Russian customs has eight representative offices (in Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Finland, Germany, Belgium and China), one customs college and three branches (to be increased to six). The education and training center of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Community of the world customs organization is located in the Russian customs academy, and the CIS regional information and Intelligence Liaison Center is located in Moscow.
There are more than 64000 customs officers in Russia. Among them, there are 1882 officers in the Department. One third of the customs officers have the customs rank, and two thirds of the customs officers do not have the customs rank. They are managed as state civil servants. At present, there are 1 Director and 5 deputy directors of the Customs Department of the Russian Federation (the establishment of 6 deputy directors). The current director is belianinov.
The basic functions of Russian customs are: Supervision, taxation, silk smuggling, statistics and other customs business.
October 25 every year is Russian customs day.
