巴西海关简介
时间(TIME)：2021-06-25 15:18:00
巴西海关事务由财政部下属的联邦税务总局负责。
巴西海关的主要职责包括：制定和执行海关政策，监督检查外贸法规的执行情况；征收关税；实施进口货物事后稽查；实施海关监管制度；组织反倾销调查；实施知识产权边境保护和对货币进出境进行监管等。
联邦税务总局国务秘书（副部级）是海关最高领导人，1名副国务秘书分管海关事务。全国税务与海关分为10个纳税区，有的管理海关事务，有的没有海关事务。
联邦税务总局系统共有25000人，其中海关人员有3947人（管理人员2310人、技术人员1637人）。除在联邦税务与海关总局负责海关事务的人员79人外，其他人员分布在全国59个内陆口岸、56个边境保税（区）仓、94个港口和29个机场免税店、29个快件监管场所。全国共有502个海关监管点。如，在内陆口岸阿那坡里斯有2名海关人员，桑托斯海关有325人。
根据联邦税务与海关总局制定的海关条例，所有货物的报关程序均需通过“巴西外贸网”(SISCOMEX)进行。货物申报单在该网立案之日起即为报关程序的开始，该网正式通知货物通关授权之日起即为报关程序的结束。申请者通过该网可随时在电脑上查看报关程序的进展情况。
巴西海关对报关进出口货物实行抽检的方式，即按照绿色、黄色、红色三种不同颜色的通道分类处理。
1、绿色通道，即报关货物可全部免检，并自动通关。约有64%的进口货物、80%的出口货物通过这一通道报关进出口；
2、黄色通道，即仅检查报关文件，经核实后，货物自动通关。约有17.3%的进口货物、19%的出口货物通过这一通道报关进出口；
3、红色通道，即报关文件和货物均需经过检查后方能通关。约有18.2%的进口货物、1%的出口货物通过这一通道报关进出口。另外，进口货物还有灰色通道，即产品经过容许后才能订货和报关进口，约占进口货物总量的0.5%。
Brazil's customs affairs are handled by the federal General Administration of taxation under the Ministry of finance.
The main responsibilities of Brazil customs include:
formulating and implementing customs policies, supervising and inspecting the implementation of foreign trade laws and regulations;
Levying tariffs;
Carry out post inspection of imported goods; Implement the customs supervision system; To organize anti-dumping investigation;
Border protection of intellectual property rights and supervision of currency entry and exit.
The State Secretary (Deputy ministerial level) of the federal administration of taxation is the highest leader of the customs, and one deputy state secretary is in charge of customs affairs. The national tax and customs are divided into 10 tax areas, some of which manage customs affairs, while others do not.
There are 25000 people in the system of the federal administration of Taxation, including 3947 customs officers (2310 managers and 1637 technicians). In addition to 79 persons in charge of customs affairs in the federal General Administration of Taxation and customs, other personnel are distributed in 59 inland ports, 56 bonded warehouses, 94 ports, 29 airport duty-free shops and 29 express supervision places. There are 502 customs control points in the whole country. For example, there are two customs officers in Annapolis and 325 in Santos.
According to the customs regulations formulated by the federal General Administration of Taxation and customs, the customs declaration procedures for all goods are carried out through siscomex. The goods declaration form is the beginning of the customs declaration procedure from the date of filing the case on the website, and the end of the customs declaration procedure is from the date when the website officially notifies the customs clearance authorization of the goods. Through the network, applicants can check the progress of the customs declaration process on the computer at any time.
Brazilian customs carries out random inspection on the import and export goods declared, that is, according to the channel classification of green, yellow and red.
1. Green channel, that is, all customs declaration goods can be exempted from inspection, and automatic customs clearance. About 64% of the import goods and 80% of the export goods are declared through this channel;
2. Yellow channel, that is, only check the customs declaration documents, after verification, the goods will be automatically cleared. About 17.3% of the import goods and 19% of the export goods are declared through this channel; 3. Red channel, that is, customs declaration documents and goods can only be cleared after inspection. About 18.2% of the import goods and 1% of the export goods are declared through this channel. In addition, there is a grey channel for imported goods, that is, products can only be ordered and declared for import after being allowed, accounting for about 0.5% of the total amount of imported goods.
