香港海关简介
时间(TIME)：2021-06-23 15:39:29
香港为中华人民共和国的一个单独关税区，香港海关不受内地海关总署的管辖。
Hong Kong is a separate customs territory of the people's Republic of China. The customs of Hong Kong is not under the jurisdiction of the General Administration of Customs of the mainland.
一、香港海关历史及简介 History and introduction of the customs and Excise Department
香港海关前身为出入口管理处，成立于1909年，初期主负责保障税收的工作。1949年出入口管理处与物料供应署、贸易署及工业署合并成工商署。1962年成立工商署缉私队，1977年改称香港海关，部门首长称为海关总监。1982年8月1日成为独立的政府部门。香港回归后，海关总监改称为海关关长，进一步成为香港的主要官员之一，须由行政长官提名，报请中央人民政府任命。现任香港海关关长为袁铭辉。
The customs and Excise Department, formerly known as the import and export administration office, was established in 1909. At the beginning, it was mainly responsible for tax protection. In 1949, the import and export administration was merged with the supplies department, the trade department and the industry department to form the trade and Industry Department. In 1962, the anti smuggling team of the commerce and Industry Department was established. In 1977, it was renamed the Hong Kong Customs and Excise Department. The head of the Department was called the Commissioner of customs and Excise. It became an independent government department on August 1, 1982. After the reunification of Hong Kong, the Commissioner of customs and Excise was renamed the Commissioner of customs and excise and further became one of the principal officials of Hong Kong. He must be nominated by the chief executive and submitted to the Central People's government for appointment. The current Commissioner of the customs and Excise Department is Yuan Ming Hui.
海关关长除向保安局局长负责外，亦同时向商务及经济发展局局长和财经事务及库务局局长负责。
In addition to the Secretary for security, the Commissioner is also responsible to the Secretary for commerce and economic development and the Secretary for financial services and the Treasury.
二、主要职责 Main responsibilities
- 进口及出口清关 Import and export customs clearance
- 进口及出口报关 Import and export declaration
- 征税 Taxation
- 受理牌照及许可证之申请 Accept applications for licenses and permits
- 保障消费者权益及执行相关法例 Consumer protection and enforcement
- 保护知识产权工作及执行相关法例 Intellectual property protection and enforcement
- 毒品管制 Drug control
三、机构设置 Organization setup
截至2009年5月1日，香港海关的编制为5592个职位;其中9个属首长级职位，4489个为香港海关部队职位，459为贸易管制主任职系职位，而一般及共通职系职位则共占635个。 As at 1 May 2009, the establishment of the customs and Excise Department was 5 592 posts; Of these, 9 are at the directorate level, 4489 are in the customs and Excise Service, 459 are in the trade control officer grade, and 635 are in the general and common grades.
香港海关的首长为海关关长，由一名海关副关长协助处理部门事务， 另五名首长级人员分别掌管辖下五个工作单位。五个工作单位包括：行政及人力资源发展处（AD分处）、边境及港口处（BP分处）、税务及策略支援处（ES分处）、情报及调查处（II分处），及贸易管制处。
The head of the customs and Excise Department is the Commissioner of the customs and Excise Department. A Deputy Commissioner of the customs and Excise Department assists in the handling of departmental affairs. Five officers at the directorate level are in charge of the five work units under their jurisdiction. The five working units include: Administration and human resources development division (AD branch), border and port division (BP branch), tax and strategic support division (ES branch), intelligence and Investigation Division (II Branch), and trade control division.
行政及发展处：负责内务行政、财务管理、人力资源管理和行政支援服务等工作。
Administration and Development Division: responsible for internal administration, financial management, human resource management and administrative support services. 边境及港口处：负责所有关于出入境管制站管制和便利清关职能的事宜、以及负责管辖机场科、陆路边境口岸科、铁路及渡轮口岸科、港口及海域科及特别职务队。 Border and port Division: responsible for all matters relating to the control and facilitation of customs clearance functions at entry-exit control points, as well as the airport section, land border section, railway and ferry port section, port and maritime section and special duty teams.
现时的海关总部和各个科系的办事处及设施分布在香港不同地点和地区。这项安排影响海关的行动效率、令人关注保安问题，并对有需要亲身使用海关服务的市民造成不便。因此政府在北角渣华道与电照街交界兴建新海关总部大楼。新总部楼高34层，提供约28,000平方米的楼面面积，可以容纳1,800多名海关人员一同工作。2007年10月动工，预计2010年落成。
At present, the offices and facilities of the customs headquarters and departments are located in different places and regions of Hong Kong. This arrangement affects the operational efficiency of the customs and Excise Department, raises security concerns and causes inconvenience to the public who need to use the customs services themselves. Therefore, a new customs headquarters building will be built at the junction of Java Road and dianzhao street in North Point. The new headquarters is 34 stories high, with a floor area of about 28000 square meters and can accommodate more than 1800 customs officers working together. The project started in October 2007 and is expected to be completed in 2010.
